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EDINBURGH'S HISTORY
5000BC
Evidence of the first Stone Age settlers in Edinburgh (many marvelous essays also mention this evidence in their research)
3000BC
Arrival of immigrant Beaker people who brought pottery and metal working skills from the continent.
79AD
Arrival of the Romans.
142AD
Romans construct a fort at Crammond to serve the Antonine Wall. (Wall abandoned in 163AD)
638AD
Edinburgh captured by Northumbrian Troops.
854AD
Wooden parish church dedicated to St Giles built in the High Street.
1000AD
Northumbrians abandon their border town.
1018AD
Malcolm II defeats Northumbrians at Carham on the Tweed.
1120AD
Alexander I built new stone church on site of St Giles.
1144-1147AD
Augustinian Canons are given the right to build a burgh in a charter granted by David I. At this time Edinburgh was a Royal Burgh.
1329AD
Robert the Bruce grants a charter giving the burgh of Edinburgh and the port of Leith to the burgesses.
1450AD
James II is granted authority to build a defensive wall partway around the City as a measure against attacks from the English. The burgh was already defended on the north by the Nor' Loch.
1500AD
Edinburgh becomes the accepted capital of Scotland - the permanent seat of Government, site of central administration and law courts. It is also the location of the principal Royal residence.
1514AD
Work begins on a new larger city defence wall following the defeat at Flodden at the hands of the English.
1560AD
John Knox the minister of St Giles leads the country's religious reformation.
1561AD
Mary Queen of Scots returns to Edinburgh from France.
1567AD
Mary is forced to give up her throne to her infant son James VI.
1567- 1573AD
Edinburgh Castle is held for Mary Queens of Scots against the Regent by Sir William Kirkcaldy of Grange. Finally defeated by the guns of the Earl of Morton, resulting in extensive damage to the Castle.
1583AD
Edinburgh University is established under royal charter by James VI.
1603AD
With the Union of the Crowns, King James VI moves to London and Edinburgh loses its permanent Royal residence and court.
1630's
Parliament Hall is built behind St Giles. Charles I creates St Giles an Episcopalian Cathedral by Royal charter, thus constituting Edinburgh a City.
1645AD
Great Plague sweeps through the City.
1650AD
Oliver Cromwell invades Edinburgh.
1707AD
The last meeting of the Scottish Parliament takes place before the Union Parliament. Parliament Hall was subsequently used for the Court of Sessions.
1707AD
A riotous mob forced the Act of Union to be signed in a cellar in the High Street to protect the signatories.
1736AD
Porteous Riot: Captain Proteous of the town guard lynched in the Grassmarket as a result of opening fire on an unruly crowd.
1745AD
The second main Jacobite rebellion sees Bonnie Prince Charlie's army camp in Holyrood Park before their unsuccessful bid to regain the crown for the Stuarts.
1752AD
Edinburgh Lord Provost (George Drummond) draws up proposals for extending the town of Edinburgh in response to overcrowding problems - especially in the Royal Mile, Grassmarket and Cowgate.
1763AD
Work begins on the North Bridge to create a link between Old Town and the New which is being built on the north of the Nor' Loch. Which is partly drained for the paying of the foundations.
1766AD
James Craig's plans for the New Town are adopted. The principal streets will be Princes Street, George Street and Queen Street. The first town house is built in Thistle Court.
1789AD
Building of the Edinburgh University's domed "Old College".
1820AD
Final section of the Nor' Loch is drained. The New Town extends northwards with a large residential phase.
1824AD
A great fire destroys a large part of the High Street and some of the Cowgate.
1829AD
Royal High School is built on Carlton Hill.
1834AD
The first passenger railway service.
1864AD
The last public execution in Edinburgh.
1871AD
Horse-drawn tramcars appear in the City.
1873AD
Heart of Midlothian Football Club is founded.
1875AD
Hibernian Football Club is founded.
1910AD
Electric trams are introduced in 1910.
1920AD
The Act takes place to amalgamate the burgh of Leith with Edinburgh.
1937AD
St Andrews House is opened to house the Secretary of State for Scotland and appertaining departments after their move north from Whitehall.
1947AD
Edinburgh International Festival is inaugurated along with the first Military Tattoo.
1966AD
Heriot-Watt College is awarded university status.
1979AD
A referendum proposing devolution for Scotland is defeated. Leaving the Royal High School empty as it was converted especially for the Scottish Assembly.
1996AD
The Stone of Destiny is returned to Scotland 7000 years after it was taken to Westminster by the English to crown English Kings and Queens. On St Andrews day the Stone was taken to Edinburgh castle for public viewing.
1997AD
Scotland is to be devolved after a referendum result goes in favour of the Scottish Parliament.
1999AD
The Scottish Parliament is opened by the Queen. It is being housed in the Church of Scotland while work is carried out on a parliament building in Holyrood.
Click on any of the categories below to find detailed local information:
ATTRACTIONS GOLF WINING & DINING
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